History of Nuclear (Arms) Weapons

On August 2nd 1939, just before the beginning of World War II Albert Einstein wrote a letter to former President Franklin D. Roosevelt and informed him of efforts in Nazi Germany to enrich uranium-235 which could be used to build an nuclear bomb. Shortly thereafter, the United States Government began the seriously hard-staking work strictly known as "the Manhattan Project" and simply put, the Manhattan Project was committed to expediting research that would produce a viable nuclear bomb.

As we all know, the nuclear bomb has only been used twice in warfare; the first was at Hiroshima *uranium Bomb* () and despite weighing over four & the half tons; it was dropped on Hiroshima August 6th 1945, with the Aioi Bridge being its intended target out of 81 other bridges that connected the seven-branched delta f the Ota River, which was the true target of "Little Boy".

Little Boy exploded at 1,980 ft and 08:15Am. the bomb was released from the "Enoloa Gay" and they missed by only 800 feet, at 08:16Am in a sudden flash 66,000 People were killed and some 69,000 were injured by the 10-kiloton atomic explosion. The affected area vaporized was some one half-mile in diameter and the total destruction was one mile in diameter; severe blast damage was reported at two miles in diameter. Furthermore, everything within a diameter of two and a half miles was severely burned.

On August 9th 1945, Nagasaki fell victim to the same treatment; of which included a *plutonium bomb* (Fat Man) was dropped on the city, although "Fat Man" missed its target by over a mile and a half, its still leveled the city. Moreover, during that split second, Nagasaki's population dropped from 422,000 to 383,000 with over 25,000 severely injured.

Special Note: Japan surrendered on August 10th 1945

By-Products of Nuclear Detonations

While the explosion from an atomic bomb is deadly enough, its true destructive ability doesn't stop, atomic bomb fallout creates another hazard as well. The rain that follows any nuclear detonation is laden with radioactive particles, and many of the survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki incidents, later succumbed to radiation poisoning.

The nuclear detonation also has the hidden lethal surprise of affecting the future generations of those who lived through the event. Moreover, leukemia is among the greatest of afflictions that are passed along to the survivor's children.

Making Enriched Uranium

The most complicated issue surrounding "Enrichment Programs" is having an ample supply of uranium to sustain a chain reaction. However, at the time uranium-235 was very hard to extract, in fact, the ratio of conversion from uranium ore to uranium metal is some 500:1. Some compounding factors- the one part of uranium that is finally refined from the ore is over 99% uranium-238, which is factually ruled useless to an nuclear bomb. To really make matters worse, the use of U-235 and its counterpart U-238 are isotopes, nearly identical in their chemical identity. No ordinary chemical extraction method could separate them; only mechanical forces could work, at extreme cost.

A massive enrichment laboratory/plant is constructed, next a gas centrifuge is used to further separate the lighter U-235 from the heavier, non-fissionable U-238: once all of these required procedures have been undertaken, what is now required is a simple test on the overall concept behind atomic fission "splitting the atom".

Why are Nuclear (Arms) Weapons Bad?

Nuclear Weapons are bad because they pose a serious threat to human life, as we know it. When a Nuclear Bomb is detonated it affects everyone in the area of detonation, with no ability of stopping its destructive force: it knows no one and kills everything in sight.

Currently, there are countries and terrorist, alike trying to obtain this massive- life taken devices to use as symbol of strength & greatness. We state otherwise, finding a cure to AIDS, Cancer, Hunger, Autism; these are the reasoning to show great strength in ending the aforementioned. Again, nuclear weaponry poses a great threat to the Human Family, and this type of thinking has been supported over the years by various individuals, Member States, Civil Society, Religious Leader, etc.

As demonstrated: in a recent Peace Declaration Dr. Tadatoshi Akiba, the Mayor of Hiroshima, used the words to to describe August 6th 1945: "That fateful summer 8.15- the roar of a B-29 breaks the morning clam. A parachute opens in the blue sky, then suddenly a flash, an enormous blast -silence- hell on earth. The eyes of young girls watching the parachute were melted. Their faces became giant charred blisters, the skin of people seeking help dangled from their fingernails and their hair stood on end. Their clothes were ripped to shreds, people trapped in houses toppled by the blast were burnt alive... Hiroshima was a hell where those who somehow survived envied the dead."

An Message

The CFB-HOD H.E Brandon C. Jones-McGeer

*On the Non-Proliferation of Weapons & its Waste*

The O.C.B Administration is calling for a strong mutual/ binding agreement by all Member States in reducing their Nuclear Weaponry and Waste. So that human beings can live in a World Free of Issues regarding Nuclear Weapons and its abuses by world terrorist & terrorism groups.

At today's age- we shouldn't have to worry about weapon races in space; humanity should be able to rest with the fact of knowing that space will and always would be regarded & used in a science based manner, as a means of exploring the solar system and teaching our youth about the multiple planets. Etc. Space should not be used as a way of arming and attacking our enemies or used as a way of transport for Nuclear Weapons or its Wastes affiliated with having the capabilities.

As for land uses; Member States needs to work on developing an affective policy that would aid in a full disarmament and prevent rode-states from obtaining nuclear capabilities, which would include weaponry. We must live in a society that is not afraid to work with one another.The Cold War era has ended long ago and the need for Nuclear Weaponry has come and gone!

The Office of the Commissioner for Burns will be working with all Member States to achieve this true and everlasting goal- for the best of all Humankind and our future generations. The need for prevention and education in this regard has arrived and as the Commissioner for Burns and Head of Delegation- I'm calling for All Member States to provide these services to all its Citizens, so that they know the true dangers of having & employing the use of Nuclear Weaponry, including developing the technology to build them."

We must achieve this Goal for the perseveration of our Future Generations and their Children:

*Disarmament and Non-Proliferation*

Information to review:

1) Carnegie Endowment *Abolishing Nuclear Weapons Debate*

2) United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs *Weapons of Mass Destruction*

3) U.S Department of State *Non-Proliferation*

4) NPT Treaty Text